Traumatic brain injury effect
Blast-wave exposure and concussive impact forces are known to cause significant traumatic brain injury (TBI)
01 Basis
Blast-wave exposure and concussive impact forces are known to cause signifi- cant traumatic brain injury (TBI),10–12 and anecdotal estimates suggest 85% of SOF operators experience TBI from training alone.
02 Types of TBIs
There are two types of long- term brain injury other than concussions that have been posited in recent years: (1) chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) from impact trauma and (2) inter- face astroglial scarring caused by the shearing forces of blast-wave exposure.
03 Symptoms
People with TBI are more likely to experience memory and cognitive impairments, chronic pain and headaches, depression, and suicide.14 TBI in combat veterans is also associated with PTSD7,15,16 as well as sleep disorders and a range of other health consequences.17,18 The centrality of TBI will become apparent as we discuss other features of this syndrome.